First report of <i>Stellaria sessiliflora</i> Y. Yabe (Caryophyllaceae) from Korea

Ji Hyeon So; Dae Hong Kim; Ae Sook Koo; Myoung Jun Kim; Nam Sook Lee

doi:10.11110/kjpt.2015.45.2.178

Original Article

Korean J. Pl. Taxon 2015; 45(2): 178-182.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.11110/kjpt.2015.45.2.178

한국 미기록식물: 그늘별꽃(석죽과)

소지현¹, 김대홍¹, 구애숙¹, 김명준², 이남숙^1,^3,^*

¹이화여자대학교 대학원 에코크리에이티브 협동과정

²여미지식물원

³이화여자대학교 생명과학과

First report of Stellaria sessiliflora Y. Yabe (Caryophyllaceae) from Korea

Ji Hyeon So¹, Dae Hong Kim¹, Ae Sook Koo¹, Myoung Jun Kim², Nam Sook Lee^1,^3,^*

¹Interdisciplinary Program of EcoCreative, The Graduate School, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea

²Yeomiji Botanical Garden, Seogwipo-si, Jeju-do, Korea

³Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea

^*Author for correspondence: namsook@ewha.ac.kr

Received May 18, 2015 Accepted June 5, 2015

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

적 요

오키나와를 제외한 일본에 분포하는 석죽과의 그늘별꽃(Stellaria sessiliflora Y. Yabe)이 최근에 제주도에서 발견되었다. 일본 식물지에 그늘별꽃이 한국(제주도)에 분포한다고 언급되어 있으며, 1935년에 제주도에서 채집된 표본의 사진(Slide No. 6294)이 이를 확증한다. 부가적으로 국립수목원과 국립산림과학원의 표본들은 이 식물이 상당한 기간동안 제주도에 분포하고 있었음을 나타낸다. 그늘별꽃은 잎이 넓고 잎가장자리가 주름지며, 줄기 윗부분의 잎에도 잎자루가 있으며, 수술이 10개인 점에서 별꽃과 구분된다. 국명은 낙엽활엽수림 밑 그늘에 분포하여 ‘그늘별꽃’으로 신칭하였다. 그늘별꽃의 형태적 특징을 기재하고, 도해, 기준표본, 확증표본 자료와 생태 사진들을 첨부하였다.

주요어: 그늘별꽃, 석죽과, 한국

Abstract

Stellaria sessiliflora Y. Yabe (Caryophyllaceae), which is known to be distributed throughout Japan excluding Okinawa, was recently found on Jeju Island in Korea. Reports on the Japanese flora state that this species is distributed on Jeju Island, and a photograph of one specimen (Slide No. 6294) collected from Jeju Island by Ohwi in May 1935 confirms this. Additionally, specimens at the National Arboretum and Korea Forest Research Institute indicate that S. sessiliflora has occurred on Jeju Island for a considerable amount of time. However, the species has never been officially listed in the flora of Korea. Stellaria sessiliflora is distinguished from S. media by having broader leaves with a slightly undulate margin, petiolate leaves on the upper part of the stem, and 10 stamens. The local name ‘Geu-Neul-Byeol-Kkot’ is given to the species based on its shady habitat under deciduous broadleaf forest. Details of the morphological characters, an illustration, the type specimen, voucher specimen data, and photographs of Stellaria sessiliflora in Korea are presented.

Keywords: Stellaria sessiliflora, Caryophyllaceae, Korea

The Genus Stellaria L. (Caryophyllaceae) comprises approximately 120 taxa with a cosmopolitan distribution (Mabberley 1993). Eight taxa of Stellaria have been recorded in Korea: S. alsine Grimm var. undulata (Thunb.) Ohwi, S. aquatica Scopoli, S. filicaulis Makino, S. longifolia Muhlenberg, S. media (L.) Villars, S. radians Linne, S. bungeana Fenzl, and S. diversiflora Maxim. (Choi, 2007).

Stellaria sessiliflora was described by Yoshitaka Yabe based on a specimen collected in Tsushima province in Japan on 31, July, 1901 (Fig. 1) and it was treated as a variety of S. japonica by Makino (1909).

According to the Flora of Japan (Satake, 1982; Akiyama, 2006), Stellaria sessiliflora occurs on Jeju Island in Korea, as well as in Japan. However, it has never been formally reported or described taxonomically in the Korean botanical literature. Several populations of S. sessiliflora have been observed from Haean-dong (23 April, 2012), Jeolmul forest, Saryeoni forest (Gyourae-ri), and Halla-eco-forest (Bonggae-dong) at an elevation of 400–600 m on Jeju Island. In addition, we found a photograph of one specimen (Slide No. 6294; Fig. 2), which was collected on Jeju Island by Ohwi in May, 1935 (Lee, 2012). The specimen indicates that S. sessiliflora has occurred on Jeju Island for some time. Recently, S. sessiliflora has listed in Bio Resource Information Service (BRIS) without a Korean name. The Unique Resource Number 14001191150200-071-00324591 of BRIS was provided by the National Arboretum, which is a dried specimen (KHB14190986) collected by Park et al. on Jeju Island on 16 May 2012. A dried specimen (Unique Resource Number 14003771150100-071-00002407) and seeds (Unique Resource Numbers 14003771110103-071-00110888∼91) collected on 07 May 2013 documented by the Korea Forest Research Institute, though it has not formally described for the Korean flora, these specimens support the view that S. sessiliflora is distributed in Korea. The morphological characters and the habitat of these specimens observed are consistent with the original description of S. sessiliflora (Yabe, 1903).

This species is distinguished from the related S. media by its broader leaves with slightly undulate margin, its petiolate leaves on the upper part of stem, and its 10 stamens (Table 1). In addition, as Ankei (1982) mentioned, S. sessiliflora grows in shady areas under deciduous broadleaf forest, while S. media grows in full sun or semi-shade beside roads. The local name ‘Geu-Neul-Byeol-Kkot’ (meaning Shade Chickweed in Korean) was given to S. sessiliflora based on its distinct habitat requirements.

Taxonomic Treatment

Stellaria sessiliflora Y. Yabe, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 17: 194 (1903).

(Figs. 3 –5)

Stellaria nemorum var. japonica Franch. & Sav., Enum. Pl. Jap. 2: 295 (1879).

Stellaria japonica (Franch. & Sav.) Makino, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 23: 70 (1909).

Stellaria franchetii Honda, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 43: 541 (1929).

Korean name: Geu-Neul -Byeol-Kkot 그늘별꽃

Herbs perennial, 10–30 cm tall. Stems usually decumbent, soft hair on a longitudinal line. Leaves ovate to cordateorbicular, 1–4 cm long, 0.7–2.5 cm wide, apex acute, margin slightly undulate, base rounded to shallowly cordate, pubescent; petiole upper one shorter than middle one, 0.2–1.5 cm long, long-pubescent. Inflorescence solitary from the axil. Flowers pedicels 0.2–1.3 cm long, pubescent; sepals elliptic lanceolate, 0.4–0.6 cm, apex acute, 1-nerved, long-pubescent; petals 5, white, deeply bifid; stamens 10; pistils 3. Fruit a capsule, ovoid-globose, 6-valved. Seeds obliquely reniform-globose, 0.1–0.12 cm diameter, dark brown, densely mammillate with semi-rounded tubercles. Flowering Apr. to May. Chromosome number 2n = 56 (Tani, 1981).

Distribution: Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu), Korea (Jeju Island, elevation 400–600 m).

Habitat: Forest edges and wet fields beside streams under the shade or semi-shade of deciduous broadleaf forest.

Examined specimens: KOREA. Jeju-do, Jeju-si: Haeandong, 23 Apr 2012, M.J. Kim (EWH); Jeju-do: Halla-ecoforest, Bongae-dong, 15 Apr 2013, M.J. Kim (EWH); Jeju-do: Haean-dong, 21 Apr 2015, M.J. Kim and N.S. Lee (EWH); Jeju-do: Jeolmul forest, Hoecheon-dong, 5 May 2015, M.J. Kim (EWH); Jeju-do: Jocheon-eup, Seonhweul-ri, 16 May 2012, S.H. Park, S.Y. Jung, S.S. Cheong 14190986 (KHB). JAPAN, Tsushima, Mt. Ontake, 31 Jul. 1901, Y. Yabe 00010544 (TI); Tokyo, Kitaku, Takinogawa, 26 Apr. 1905, T. Makino 00010541 (TI); Gunma, Mt. Tanigawa, 24 Jun 1934, Y. Satake 00010542 (TI); Aichi pref., M. Furuse 00010543 (TI); Nagato guni, Ootseu gun, 27 Oct. 1918, Nikai-Juurou 00010545 (TI).

Stellaria sessiliflora was determined as an unresolved name in the Plant List (2013), but the name was accepted in Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life 2014 (Roskov et al., 2014). DNA data show that it is clearly separated from other taxa in Stellaria (Greenberg and Donoghue, 2011).

Key to Stellaria sessiliflora and the related taxa in Korea

1. Leaves at least lower ones distinctly petiolate; ovate or deltoid-ovate; hairs, if present, simple, unbranched.
- 2. Styles 5 ··········································· S. aquatica 쇠별꽃
- 2. Styles 3.
  - 3. Stems and pedicels glabrous; upper surface of leaves often with a few long multicellular appressed hairs ··············································· S. diversiflora 일월 산별꽃
  - 3. Stems and pedicels with a longitudinal series of soft hairs; upper surface of leaves glabrous or nearly so.
    
    4. Leaves 4–8 cm long; nerves of sepals obsolete ··························································· S. bungeana 큰별꽃
    
    4. Leaves 1–4 cm long; nerves of sepals 1.
    
    5. Leaves sessile at the upper part of stem; stamens 1–7····························································· S. media 별꽃
    
    5. Leaves petiolate at the upper part of stem; stamens 10 ······································· S. sessiliflora 그늘별꽃
1. Leaves sessile or subsessile, hairs branched.
- 6. Stems and leaves silky pubescent; petals fimbriate ································································ S. radians 왕별꽃
- 6. Stems and leaves glabrous; petals bifid or absent.
  - 7. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, apex obtuse to subacute ···································· S. alsine var. undulata 벼룩나물
  - 7. Leaves linear or broadly, apex acute.
    
    8. Stems surface slightly scabrous; petals equal to slightly longer than sepals ················· S. longifolia 긴잎별꽃
    
    8. Stems surface smooth; petals about twice longer than sepals ··········································· S. filicaulis 실별꽃

This taxonomic key was modified from the one available in Flora of Japan (Ohwi, 1984) and The Genera of Vascular Plants of Korea (Choi, 2007).

한국 미기록식물: 그늘별꽃(석죽과)

First report of Stellaria sessiliflora Y. Yabe (Caryophyllaceae) from Korea

적 요

Abstract

Taxonomic Treatment

Key to Stellaria sessiliflora and the related taxa in Korea

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Fig. 1.

Fig. 2.

Fig. 3.

Fig. 4.

Fig. 5.

Table 1.

Literature Cited