자생 미기록종 돌나물과 서산돌나물(Sedum tricarpum) 분포 보고
A new distribution record of Sedum tricarpum (Crassulaceae) in Korea
Article information
Abstract
돌나물과의 Sedum tricarpum Makino가 한반도 서해안 지역에 자생하는 것이 본 연구에서 처음으로 확인되었다. Sedum tricarpum은 일본의 혼슈, 시코쿠, 규슈 등 주로 일본 중남부 지역에만 분포하는 일본 고유종으로 알려져 왔으나, 중국 안휘성에서도 자생하는 것이 최근 보고되었다. 한반도에서는 이 종이 2020년 충남 서해안 지역의 산지에서 처음 발견되었으며, 다년간의 관찰 및 채집을 통해 서산 팔봉산 및 태안 백화산의 해발 200–300여 미터 높이에서 각각 200여 개체가 생육하는 것으로 조사되었다. 서산에서 처음 발견되었기에 서산돌나물로 국명을 부여하였으며, 다년생 초본이고, 잎은 호생하며 엽병이 있거나 없고, 꽃이 1–1.3 cm 정도로 크며 많이 달리고, 줄기는 비교적 적게 갈라지며, 수술은 꽃잎보다 짧고 꽃밥 색이 홍자색을 띠는 점 등의 특징으로 돌나물속 내 유사종들과 구분되었다.
Trans Abstract
We report a new distribution of Sedum tricarpum Makino on the Korean Peninsula. This species was first reported in Japan and is distributed in Honshu, Shikoku, and Kyushu. Recently the species was reported in Anhui Province, China. We found this species in Chungcheongnam-do Province, South Korea. Sedum tricarpum is well distinguished from other species in the genus by its perennial habit, alternate and subsessile or petiolate leaves on the sterile and flowering stems. We provide its morphological description, photographs, and a key to related taxa. We have given this species a new Korean name, Seo-san-dol-namul, which comes from the name of the area where it was first discovered.
INTRODUCTION
The genus Sedum L. sensu str. is one of the largest genera in Crassulaceae, including ca. 470 species in the world, and is distributed mainly in the Northern Hemisphere (Fu et al., 2001). Plants of Sedum are annual, biennial, or perennial herbs with succulent leaves and stems, and are primarily distributed in arid environments in temperate to subtropical regions (Thiede and Eggli, 2007; Ito et al., 2017). In Korea, there are 10 species reported in this genus (Park and Park, 2005; Choi et al., 2020; Moon and Jang, 2020; Suh et al., 2020; Lee, 2022).
In this study, we report a new distribution of S. tricarpum Makino based on our collections on Mt. Palbongsan in Seosan-si and Mt. Baekhwasan in Taean-gun, Chungcheongnam-do, in Korea (Figs. 1, 2). We provided its morphological description, photographs, and a key to the related taxa in Korea (Fig. 3).
Distribution of Sedum tricarpum Makino in Korea (●).
One of the voucher specimens of Sedum tricarpum collected from Mt. Palbongsan.
Photographs of Sedum tricarpum Makino. A. Habit. B. Sterile and flowering stems. C. Flowers (top views and basal views). D. Flower (top view). E. Flower (basal view). F. Anther. G. Nectar scale. H. Follicles. I. Seed.
Taxonomic Treatment
Sedum tricarpum Makino, Illustr. Fl. Jap. 1(7): 3, 1891; Sedum tricarpum Makino f. viride Hatus., J. Phytogeogr. Taxon. 35: 66, 1987.—TYPE: Japan. Shikoku Prov. Tosa: Nanokawa (top of mountain), Jun 1885, T. Makino 43 (holotype: LH01014779 in the Herbarium of Komarov Botanical Institute (LH), Photo!).
Korean name: Seo-san-dol-na-mul (서산돌나물).
Herbs, perennial, 8–25 cm tall, fleshy, glabrous, without bulbils. Roots fibrous at the basal node of stem. Stems several, erect or ascending from creeping base; flowering stems few, erect from creeping base, 8–25 cm tall, rather stout; sterile shoots few, ascending from creeping base, 3–8 cm tall. Leaves alternate, distally crowded on sterile shoots; blade flat, spatulate to oblanceolate, 2–3 cm long, 0.5–1 cm wide, apex obtuse, base attenuate, margins entire, both surfaces glabrous, sessile, subsessile or petiolate. Inflorescences terminal, cymose, large, much branched, many-flowered, bracteate; bracts leaf-like, narrowly spatulate to oblanceolate. Flowers sessile, bisexual, 5-merous; sepals 5, unequal, green, sometimes yellow, obovate, oblanceolate to spatulate, apex obtuse to round, base connate, 3–7 × 1.5–2.5 mm; petals 5, rarely 6, yellow, lanceolate to narrowly lanceolate, 4–8 × 1– 2 mm, apex acute to acuminate; stamens 10, diplostemonous, shorter than petals, ca 4–6 mm long, anthers oblong, 0.5– 0.7 mm long, purplish red before dehiscence, opening by longitudinal slits; pistils usually 5 (3 in Japan), rarely 4 or 6, 4– 6 mm long, ovaries ovoid or narrowly ovoid in shape, gibbous ventally, 3–4 mm long, basal half connate, styles slender, 1.5– 2 mm long; nectar scales 4 or 5, ca 0.3–0.7 mm long, obovate, apex emarginated. Fruits follicles, 5–7 mm long, ascending, base connate. Seeds narrowly oblong-obovoid. 0.5–0.8 × 0.2–0.5 mm.
Flowering: May to June.
Fruiting: June to July.
Distribution: Korea (Chungcheongnam-do), China (Anhui), Japan (Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu).
Voucher specimens: KOREA. Chungcheongnam-do: Seosan-si, Palbong-myeon, Yanggil-ri, Mt. Palbongsan, at 302 m a.s.l., 4 Jun 2020, Hwa-Jeong Suh, NNIBRVP148074--148075 (NNH); ibid., 13 Jun 2023, Jin-Seok Kim, NNIBRVP 148076–148077 (NNH); Taean-gun, Taean-eup, Dongmun-ri, Mt. Baekhwasan, at 216 m a.s.l., 6 Jul 2023, Jin-Seok Kim, NNIBRVP148078–148080 (NNH); ibid., 19 Jun 2024, Jin-Seok Kim, NNIBRVP148081–148085 (NNH).
A key to Sedum tricarpum and related taxa in Korea
1. Leaves verticillate on sterile stems.
2. Leaves 3-verticillate on sterile stems, oblanceolate to oblong ·························································· S. sarmentosum 돌나물
2. Leaves 4- or 5-verticillate on sterile stems, spatulate on upper part of sterile stems ······························· S. kiangnanense 잎꽃돌나물
1. Leaves alternate or opposite on sterile stems.
3. Leaves spatulate, obovate or suborbicular, flattened.
4. Bulblet usually present in leaf axils ······························································································· S. bulbiferum 말똥비름
4. Bulblet absent in leaf axils.
5. Leaves opposite ····························································································································· S. makinoi 둥근잎비름
5. Leaves alternate.
6. Leaf apex emarginate ····························································································································· S. tosaense 주걱비름
6. Leaf apex round to obtuse
7. Plants biennial, stem trichotomously branched ························································· S. formosanum 주걱잎갯비름
7. Plants perennial, stem irregularly branched ······································································ S. tricarpum 서산돌나물
3. Leaves linear, lanceolate, or oblong, terete or flattened.
8. Leaves terete, apex round; petals 1.5–2 times longer than sepals.
9. Leave linear, 8–18 mm long, somewhat sparsely arranged ···················································· S. oryzifolium 땅채송화
9. Leave widely linear-elliptic to oblong, 3–7 mm long, mostly densely arranged ················· S. japonicum 돌채송화
8. Leaves flattened, apex acute-acuminate; petals 2.5–4 times longer than sepals.
10. Leaves somewhat sparsely arranged in entire stems at anthesis ·········································· S. polytrichoides 바위채송화
10. Leaves densely arranged in upper half of stems at anthesis ·············································· S. lepidopodum 갯돌나물
Taxonomic note: Sedum tricarpum was first reported in Japan (Makino, 1891). Recently the species was reported in Anhui Province, China (Xia and Liu, 2011). Here, we first report its distribution in Korea (Figs. 1, 2). This species was first found in the mountainous region of the west coast of Chungcheongnam-do Province in 2020. As a member of the genus Sedum, this species is similar to S. kiangnanense, S. makinoi, S. tosaense, and S. formosanum. However, it is distinguished from the species by alternate leaves on the sterile stems, leaf apex shape in their cauline leaves, perennial life cycle, and branching form (see above the Key).
We have given this species a new Korean name, Seo-san-dol-na-mul (서산돌나물). Its name is derived from the region where the plant species was first found (not far from the west coastline of the Korean Peninsula). The population of Mt. Palbongsan in Seosan-si and Mt. Baekhwasan in Taean-gun contains ca. 200 individuals each. They are distributed at the edge of the rocky area on the slope of the mountains. The elevation of both of these population sites ranges from ca. 200 to 300 m. This species is found under the trees (e.g., Quercus dentata Thunb., Q. acutissima Carruth., Q. serrata Murray, Pinus densiflora Siebold & Zucc., Kalopanax septemlobus (Thunb.) Koidz.) and surubs (e.g., Zanthoxylum schinifolium Siebold & Zucc., Viburnum erosum Thunb., Pourthiaea villosa (Thunb.) Decne., Lespedeza maximowiczii C. K. Schneid., Rubus corchorifolius L. f.), together with other herbaceous plants, such as Commelina communis L., Parthenocissus tricuspidata (Siebold & Zucc.) Planch., Carex lanceolata Boott, Oplismenus undulatifolius (Ard.) P. Beauv., Lilium lancifolium Thunb.
Sedum tricarpum was described by T. Makino based on its characteristic of three carpels (Makino, 1891; Ohba, 2001). In this study, all specimens of S. tricarpum collected in Korea were found to have flowers with five carpels or rarely four or six carpels, no three carpels. The flowers of Sedum are 5-merous, and the number of its carpels usually is equal to the number of petals or occationally fewer. Individuals of Sedum tricarpum with five carpels have been reported also in Japan (https://mikawanoyasou.org/data/mekisikomannengusa.htm; https://keiko65.sakura.ne.jp/yamaaruki3/isiduti02/takanemannengusa020809.html; https://love-evergreen.com/qa/topic/16198.html; https://www.digital-museum.hiroshima-u.ac.jp/~main/index.php?title=%E3%82%BF%E3%82%AB%E3%83%8D%E3%83%9E%E3%83%B3%E3%83%8D%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B0%E3%82%B5&mobileaction=toggle_view_desktop). In all characters except the number of carpels, the characteristics of the Korean plants were identical to those originally described for Sedum tricarpum (Makino, 1891). It is suggested that further study is needed to determine the variation in the number of carpels.
Acknowledgements
We thank Mr. Chan-Gyu Choi and Euiho Eom for their help in providing information on the natural habitat and collecting specimens. This work was supported by a grant from the Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources (NNIBR) funded by the Ministry of Environment (MOE) of the Republic of Korea (NNIBR20241102).
Notes
CONFLICTS OF INTEREST
The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest.